Can you post pictures and give the geographical location? Then we can can begin to offer suggestions. I would have left the bulbs until I had identified them. If you need to know what any plants are, post pictures on the Name That Plant Forum and we can try to id them so you know if they're worth saving.

And just as an aside, tilling almost never "revitalizes" soil. Instead, it can damage soil structure, kill off necessary microorganisms and create artificial layers in the soil profile that can adversely affect drainage. Better to remove as many weeds and unwanted plants as you can manually, then layer the soil with compost or other organic matter. This does not even need to be worked into the soil, except as may happen when you plant.

Im in the twin cities in MN, so soil 4B. as for the bulbs, i do not have any desire to keep them. Im still working on just using a hand cultivator to minimize the amount of soil disruption however. I do have an active soil sample getting processed, though

As suggested, remove the weedy growth, layer with compost and any available organic matter...dig it in with a fork if you want. You are not "disturbing" the soil, you are opening it up to water and air and helping the roots of future plants. I'd just mulch it this year or plant annuals till you can tell if the weeds have been defeated. If they are, plant whatever suits you and your hardiness zone.